### Understanding Gum Disease and Prevention Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues that surround and support your teeth. It is primarily caused by bacteria in dental plaque, a sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on your teeth. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque can harden into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional. #### Stages of Gum Disease 1. **Gingivitis**: This is the earliest stage of gum disease, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums. At this stage, the disease is reversible with good oral hygiene and professional cleaning. 2. **Mild Periodontitis**: If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress to mild periodontitis. The gums start to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that can become infected. Bone loss may also begin at this stage. 3. **Moderate Periodontitis**: The infection spreads, causing further bone and tissue loss. Gums may become more painful, and teeth may start to loosen. 4. **Advanced Periodontitis**: At this stage, significant bone and tissue loss occurs, leading to loose teeth that may eventually fall out. #### Prevention and Treatment - **Oral Hygiene**: Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque from between your teeth and under the gumline. - **Regular Dental Checkups**: Visit your dentist at least twice a year for professional cleanings and checkups. Early detection of gum disease can prevent it from progressing. - **Healthy Lifestyle**: Avoid smoking, eat a balanced diet, and manage health conditions like diabetes that can increase the risk of gum disease. #### Treatment Options - **Nonsurgical Treatments**: These include professional dental cleanings and scaling and root planing to remove plaque and tartar from below the gumline. - **Surgical Treatments**: In advanced cases, procedures like flap surgery, bone grafts, and tissue-stimulating proteins may be necessary to restore damaged tissues and bone. By maintaining good oral hygiene and having regular dental checkups, you can prevent gum disease and keep your teeth and gums healthy.