### Common Dental Diseases and Their Treatments #### 1. **Tooth Decay (Cavities)** Tooth decay is caused by bacteria that produce acid, which erodes the enamel. Symptoms include toothache, sensitivity, and visible holes. Treatment involves fillings, crowns, or root canals. #### 2. **Gingivitis** Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums due to plaque buildup. Symptoms include red, swollen gums that bleed easily. Treatment includes professional cleaning and improved oral hygiene. #### 3. **Periodontitis** This is an advanced stage of gum disease that affects the bone supporting the teeth. Symptoms include receding gums, loose teeth, and bad breath. Treatment involves deep cleaning, medication, and possibly surgery. #### 4. **Tooth Sensitivity** Tooth sensitivity occurs when the enamel wears down, exposing the dentin. Symptoms include sharp pain when consuming hot, cold, or sweet foods. Treatment includes desensitizing toothpaste and fluoride treatments. #### 5. **Oral Cancer** Oral cancer can develop in any part of the mouth. Symptoms include sores, lumps, and difficulty swallowing. Treatment involves surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. #### 6. **Bad Breath (Halitosis)** Bad breath is often caused by poor oral hygiene, food particles, or medical conditions. Treatment includes good oral hygiene, mouthwash, and addressing underlying conditions. #### 7. **Tooth Erosion** Tooth erosion is the loss of tooth structure due to acid. Symptoms include sensitivity and discoloration. Treatment involves bonding, veneers, or crowns. #### 8. **Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)** Dry mouth is caused by reduced saliva production. Symptoms include a sticky feeling in the mouth and difficulty swallowing. Treatment includes hydration, saliva substitutes, and addressing underlying causes. Maintaining good oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, and a healthy diet are essential for preventing these dental diseases.