### Common Dental Diseases and How to Care for Your Oral Health **1. Tooth Decay (Cavities):** - **Causes:** Bacteria in the mouth produce acids that erode tooth enamel. - **Symptoms:** Toothache, sensitivity, visible holes or pits in teeth. - **Prevention:** Regular brushing and flossing, reducing sugary foods and drinks, fluoride treatments. - **Treatment:** Fillings, crowns, root canals. **2. Gum Disease (Gingivitis and Periodontitis):** - **Causes:** Plaque buildup on teeth and gums. - **Symptoms:** Red, swollen, bleeding gums, bad breath, loose teeth. - **Prevention:** Good oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, quitting smoking. - **Treatment:** Professional cleaning, scaling and root planing, antibiotics, surgery in severe cases. **3. Tooth Sensitivity:** - **Causes:** Worn enamel, exposed tooth roots, cavities, gum disease. - **Symptoms:** Pain or discomfort when consuming hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks. - **Prevention:** Using a soft-bristled toothbrush, avoiding acidic foods, using desensitizing toothpaste. - **Treatment:** Fluoride treatments, bonding, gum grafts, root canals. **4. Oral Cancer:** - **Causes:** Tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, HPV infection. - **Symptoms:** Sores, lumps, or rough areas in the mouth, difficulty chewing or swallowing, persistent sore throat. - **Prevention:** Avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol, regular dental check-ups, HPV vaccination. - **Treatment:** Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy. **5. Bad Breath (Halitosis):** - **Causes:** Poor oral hygiene, gum disease, dry mouth, certain foods, smoking. - **Symptoms:** Unpleasant odor from the mouth. - **Prevention:** Good oral hygiene, regular dental visits, staying hydrated, avoiding foods that cause bad breath. - **Treatment:** Treating underlying dental issues, using mouthwash, maintaining good oral hygiene. **General Tips for Oral Health:** - Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. - Floss daily to remove plaque and food particles between teeth. - Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings. - Eat a balanced diet and limit sugary snacks and drinks. - Avoid tobacco products and limit alcohol consumption. - Use a mouthguard if you grind your teeth or play contact sports. - Replace your toothbrush every three to four months or sooner if the bristles are frayed.