What are temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and why are they difficult to diagnose?

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of conditions that cause pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint and muscles controlling jaw movement. These disorders can lead to pain in the face, jaw, and neck, and can interfere with eating, drinking, and daily activities. TMDs are challenging to diagnose because they can mimic other conditions like fibromyalgia and migraines, and their symptoms can vary widely among patients. Common symptoms include headaches, neck pain, tooth pain, sinus pain, ear fullness, tinnitus, numbness, and tingling. Diagnosis often requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving dentists, massage therapists, and other specialists. Treatments may include night guards, massage therapy, and exercises to relieve muscle tension and improve joint function. Patients are encouraged to be proactive in seeking specific diagnoses and treatments tailored to their condition.