### What is Periodontal Disease? Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. It's typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—to build up on the teeth and harden. ### Causes The primary cause of periodontal disease is plaque buildup. However, other factors can contribute to the condition, including: - **Smoking**: One of the most significant risk factors. - **Hormonal changes**: Such as those occurring during pregnancy or menopause. - **Diabetes**: People with diabetes are at higher risk. - **Medications**: Some can reduce saliva flow, which protects the gums. - **Genetic susceptibility**: Some people are more prone to severe gum disease. ### Symptoms Common symptoms of periodontal disease include: - Red, swollen, or tender gums - Bleeding while brushing or flossing - Bad breath that won't go away - Painful chewing - Loose teeth - Sensitive teeth - Receding gums or longer appearing teeth ### Treatments Treatment aims to control the infection. The number and types of treatment will vary, depending on the extent of the gum disease. Options include: - **Professional dental cleaning**: Removing plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line. - **Scaling and root planing**: A deep-cleaning method to remove bacteria from beneath the gums. - **Medications**: Antibiotics or antiseptic mouthwashes may be prescribed. - **Surgical treatments**: In severe cases, surgery may be required to restore supportive tissues. ### Prevention Preventing periodontal disease involves good oral hygiene practices: - Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. - Floss daily to remove plaque from between teeth. - Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings. - Avoid smoking and maintain a healthy diet. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments of periodontal disease, you can take steps to protect your oral health.