### Why You Might Need a Root Canal A root canal is a dental procedure used to repair and save a tooth that is badly decayed, damaged, or infected. The tooth's pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels, can become infected or damaged due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures, large fillings, cracks or chips, or trauma to the face. Signs that you might need a root canal include severe tooth pain, prolonged sensitivity to heat or cold, discoloration of the tooth, and swelling or tenderness in nearby gums. ### The Root Canal Procedure 1. **Diagnosis and Anesthesia**: The dentist will take an X-ray to check for infection in the surrounding bone and will use local anesthesia to numb the area around the tooth. 2. **Isolation**: A rubber dam is placed around the tooth to keep it dry and free of saliva. 3. **Access and Cleaning**: The dentist drills an access hole into the tooth and removes the pulp, bacteria, and debris using root canal files. The inside of the tooth is cleaned and flushed with water or sodium hypochlorite. 4. **Sealing**: The tooth is sealed, either on the same day or after a week if medication is needed to clear up an infection. A temporary filling is used if the procedure is not completed in one visit. 5. **Filling**: A sealer paste and rubber compound called gutta-percha are used to fill the root canal. The exterior hole is filled with a regular filling. 6. **Restoration**: Often, a crown or other restoration is needed to protect the tooth and restore its function. ### Recovery and Care Recovery usually takes a day or so. The tooth may feel sensitive due to tissue inflammation, but over-the-counter pain medications can help. It's important to maintain good oral hygiene and avoid chewing hard foods until the tooth is fully restored. Regular dental check-ups are also essential. ### Longevity and Success Rate Root canals have a high success rate, over 95%, and can last a lifetime. However, new infections can occur, requiring further treatment or surgery. ### Cost and Alternatives The cost varies depending on the severity and location of the tooth. Dental insurance often covers the procedure. Alternatives to a root canal include tooth extraction followed by a bridge, implant, or partial denture, which are more expensive and require more treatment time.