### What is Celiac Disease? Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the digestive system. When people with celiac disease eat gluten—a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye—their immune system reacts by attacking the small intestine. This can lead to damage and prevent the absorption of essential nutrients. ### Symptoms Symptoms of celiac disease can vary widely among individuals. Common digestive symptoms include: - Abdominal pain - Bloating - Diarrhea - Constipation - Nausea - Vomiting In addition to digestive issues, celiac disease can cause other symptoms such as: - Fatigue - Weight loss - Anemia - Skin rashes - Tooth enamel defects - Canker sores Children with celiac disease may experience growth problems, delayed puberty, and mood changes due to nutrient absorption issues. ### Causes Celiac disease is triggered by consuming gluten. Factors that may increase the risk include: - Genetic predisposition (family history) - Early childhood digestive tract infections - Other autoimmune disorders like type 1 diabetes and thyroid disease ### Diagnosis The primary method for diagnosing celiac disease is the Tissue Transglutaminase IgA (tTg-IgA) test. This blood test checks for specific antibodies that are elevated in people with celiac disease. For accurate results, it is important to continue eating a gluten-containing diet before the test. If the tTg-IgA test is positive, a doctor may recommend additional tests, such as an intestinal biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis. It is also important to inform your doctor about any medications you are taking, as they may affect test results. ### Treatment The only effective treatment for celiac disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. This helps to heal the intestine and prevent further damage. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor the condition and ensure proper nutrient intake.