### What is Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease? Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a genetic disorder that affects the peripheral nerves, which connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. This condition leads to muscle weakness, wasting, and loss of sensation in the arms and legs. CMT is progressive, meaning symptoms worsen over time. While there is no cure, treatments are available to manage symptoms. ### Symptoms - Muscle weakness and wasting - Loss of sensation in limbs - Reduced reflexes - Skeletal changes - Difficulty with voluntary movements, such as fine motor skills, mobility, speaking, swallowing, or breathing ### Causes CMT is caused by genetic mutations that affect the peripheral nerves. These mutations can be inherited from one or both parents, or they can occur spontaneously. The condition can affect the myelin sheath (protective coating of nerves) or the axon (part of the nerve cell), making it harder for nerves to carry signals. ### Diagnosis To diagnose CMT, doctors will ask about symptoms, medical history, and family history. They will conduct physical and neurological exams and may request additional tests like nerve conduction studies and genetic testing. ### Treatment While there is no cure for CMT, treatments focus on managing symptoms to improve quality of life. These include: - **Physical Therapy:** Helps reduce pain and fatigue, and maintain muscle strength and flexibility. - **Assistive Devices:** Such as braces, splints, and walkers to aid mobility. - **Medications:** To manage pain and cramping. - **Surgery:** In some cases, orthopedic surgery may be needed to correct foot or joint problems. ### Living with CMT CMT is not usually life-threatening and progresses slowly. Symptoms can vary widely, but many can be managed with physical therapy, medication, and assistive devices. It's important to take good care of muscles and joints by following a physical therapy plan and using recommended devices. ### Genetic Counseling Because CMT is a genetic disorder, talking with a genetic counselor can help you understand the risks for family members and future children.