### Understanding Eczema and How to Manage It Eczema is a skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and red rashes. It disrupts the outermost layer of the skin, making it more sensitive to environmental allergens and increasing the risk of infection. Although not contagious, eczema can be persistent and frustrating. Symptoms include dryness, itching, and redness. #### Who Gets Eczema? Nearly 15 million Americans experience some form of eczema. It affects men and women equally but is more common in people with a family history of allergies or asthma. The most common type is atopic dermatitis. #### Managing Eczema at Home While there is no permanent cure, certain lifestyle changes can help ease itching and prevent future flare-ups: - **Moisturize Regularly:** Use fragrance-free lotions or creams to keep your skin hydrated. - **Avoid Irritants:** Remove anything that may irritate your skin, such as certain lotions, soaps, and fabrics. Avoid allergens like specific foods or animal fur. - **Maintain Clean Habits:** Keep your skin clean and avoid scratching the affected areas. #### Medical Treatments Various over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription treatments are available. Consult with your doctor to find the best option for your skin. Possible treatments include: - **Topical Steroids:** Reduce inflammation and itching. - **Oral Medications:** Help control severe symptoms. - **Antibiotics:** Treat any secondary infections caused by scratching. #### When to See a Doctor Eczema symptoms can range from mild to severe, making you more prone to skin infections. See a doctor if you or your child experience: - Severe itching or pain - Cracked or bleeding skin - Signs of infection, such as pus or yellow scabs If these symptoms are accompanied by a fever, seek medical attention immediately. #### Eczema in Children About 10% to 20% of infants develop eczema, often appearing on the face and scalp. It usually improves after age five. In severe cases, it can appear on the torso, elbows, and knees. For older children and teens, rashes may appear in the inner elbows, behind the knees, on the neck, wrists, or ankles. The skin may become drier, thicker, and scaly. #### Tips for Managing Eczema in Children - **Keep Skin Moisturized:** Use gentle, fragrance-free products. - **Avoid Triggers:** Identify and avoid allergens or irritants. - **Consult a Doctor:** Follow medical advice for treatment options.