### Understanding and Managing Food Allergies and Intolerances Food allergies affect millions of people, causing reactions that range from mild to life-threatening. Common allergenic foods include milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, shellfish, and fish. Symptoms of food allergies can appear within minutes to two hours of consumption and may include rashes, itching, swelling, breathing difficulties, and even anaphylaxis. To manage food allergies, it is crucial to read ingredient labels carefully and become familiar with all terms related to the allergen. For example, milk allergens can be listed as casein or whey. Avoiding processed foods and opting for natural foods can also help reduce exposure to hidden allergens. Diagnosis of food allergies can be done through skin prick tests, patch tests, or specific blood tests. An elimination diet followed by a food challenge under medical supervision is often used to confirm the allergy. Currently, there is no cure for food allergies, and the best treatment is to avoid the allergenic food. People with severe allergies should carry an epinephrine pen for emergency use. Food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance, do not involve the immune system and are caused by an inability to digest certain food components. Symptoms include diarrhea, bloating, and gas but not rashes or vomiting. Diagnosis can be confirmed through breath tests or blood tests. When eating out, it is important to ask detailed questions about the ingredients and preparation methods of dishes. Opt for simply prepared foods like grilled meats and steamed vegetables to minimize the risk of exposure to allergens. Consulting with a registered dietitian can help ensure that nutritional needs are met despite dietary restrictions. Probiotics may also help manage some allergies, but it is best to consult a physician before adding them to your diet. Breastfeeding may help prevent allergies in infants, and introducing allergenic foods slowly between 4 to 6 months of age under medical supervision can be beneficial. Overall, careful management and awareness are key to living with food allergies and intolerances.