### What are Hives? Hives, also known as urticaria, are red, itchy welts that can appear anywhere on the skin. They can vary in size and may join together to form larger areas of swelling. Hives can last for a few minutes to several days. ### Causes of Hives Hives are often caused by an allergic reaction to foods, medications, or other substances. Common triggers include: - **Foods**: Nuts, chocolate, fish, tomatoes, eggs, fresh berries, and milk. - **Medications**: Aspirin, ibuprofen, blood pressure medications, and painkillers like codeine. - **Other Triggers**: Insect stings, sunlight, and stress. ### Types of Hives 1. **Acute Urticaria**: Lasts less than 6 weeks, often caused by foods, medications, or infections. 2. **Chronic Urticaria**: Lasts more than 6 weeks, often with an unknown cause. It may be linked to thyroid issues, hepatitis, or cancer. 3. **Physical Urticaria**: Triggered by physical stimuli like cold, heat, sun exposure, or exercise. 4. **Dermatographism**: Hives form after scratching or stroking the skin. 5. **Stress Hives**: Caused by stress and the release of inflammation-causing chemicals. ### Symptoms - Red, itchy welts - Swelling (angioedema) - Shortness of breath, muscle soreness, vomiting, and diarrhea (in chronic cases) ### Diagnosis and Treatment To diagnose hives, doctors will ask about your medical history and may perform skin or blood tests. Treatment usually involves avoiding triggers and taking antihistamines. In severe cases, oral steroids or injections of epinephrine or cortisone may be needed. ### Tips for Managing Hives - Avoid known triggers - Take antihistamines regularly - Consult a doctor if symptoms persist or worsen Hives can be a sign of serious issues, especially if you have trouble breathing. Always seek medical advice if you experience severe symptoms.