### Common Causes of Painful Sores on the Head and Scalp 1. **Contact Dermatitis**: This occurs when your skin reacts to something it touches, like shampoos or hair products. It can cause red, itchy, scaly patches and, in severe cases, crusty, oozing sores. Avoiding the trigger usually helps. 2. **Cysts**: These are smooth, firm lumps that develop in hair follicles. They usually don't hurt but can become swollen and painful. They often go away on their own but can be treated by a doctor if bothersome. 3. **Folliculitis**: This is an infection of the hair follicles caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It looks like a pimple and can be painful. Keeping the area clean and using a warm compress can help. See a doctor if it lasts more than a few days. 4. **Lice**: These tiny bugs cause intense itching, leading to sores from scratching. Over-the-counter shampoos or lotions can help get rid of them. 5. **Scalp Ringworm**: A fungal infection causing itchy patches and hair loss. Prescription medication is usually required for treatment. 6. **Scalp Psoriasis**: This condition causes red, flaky patches on the scalp. It can be itchy and lead to bleeding and scabbing. Special shampoos and medications can help manage it. 7. **Seborrheic Dermatitis**: Known as dandruff in its mildest form, it causes scaly, itchy patches that can ooze and scab. Special shampoos and creams can help. 8. **Skin Cancer**: Basal cell carcinoma and melanoma can occur on the scalp. Early treatment is crucial. Other less common causes include acne, chickenpox, and autoimmune diseases like pemphigus.