### Niacin Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms, and Dietary Tips Niacin deficiency, also known as vitamin B3 deficiency, occurs when a person doesn't get enough niacin or its precursor, tryptophan. Although rare in the United States, it can still occur, especially in areas with scarce food supplies. #### Causes - **Poor Diet**: Diets lacking in niacin-rich foods such as red meat, fish, poultry, fortified breads, and cereals. - **Alcoholism**: Excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with the absorption of niacin. - **Digestive Disorders**: Conditions like Crohn's disease can affect the absorption of nutrients. - **Medications**: Long-term use of certain medications like the tuberculosis drug isoniazid. #### Symptoms Severe niacin deficiency, known as pellagra, can cause symptoms affecting the skin, digestive system, and nervous system. These include: - **Skin**: Dermatitis, a condition where the skin becomes inflamed, red, and scaly. - **Digestive System**: Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. - **Nervous System**: Depression, headaches, and memory loss. If left untreated, pellagra can be fatal. However, it is reversible with niacin supplementation under medical supervision. #### Dietary Tips - **Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)**: 16 milligrams per day for men and 14 milligrams per day for women. - **Good Sources**: Red meat, fish, poultry, fortified breads and cereals, enriched pasta, and peanuts. - **Supplements**: Niacin supplements or multivitamin/mineral supplements can help if you don't get enough niacin from your diet. These usually contain at least 20 milligrams of niacin. #### Precautions - **Side Effects**: Common side effects of niacin supplementation include flushing, nausea, vomiting, and high liver enzymes. Avoid taking more than the recommended dose. - **Special Cases**: If you have a history of gout, be cautious with niacin intake as it can elevate uric acid levels. Always consult your doctor before starting any supplementation, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are on medication.