### Understanding Dandruff and Its Treatments Dandruff is a common condition where the scalp sheds small bits of dry skin, leading to white flakes in your hair or on your shoulders. It can also make your scalp itchy. Dandruff is often confused with seborrheic dermatitis, a chronic form of eczema that affects oily areas of the body, including the scalp. #### Causes of Dandruff 1. **Oily Skin**: People with oily skin are more prone to dandruff because a yeast called Malassezia globosa feeds on scalp oils, causing irritation and faster skin cell renewal. 2. **Dry Skin**: Cold winter air can dry out your skin, including your scalp, leading to dandruff. Flakes from dry skin are usually smaller and less oily. 3. **Contact Dermatitis**: Allergic reactions to hair-care products can cause scalp irritation and dandruff. 4. **Infrequent Washing**: Not washing your hair regularly can lead to oil buildup, worsening dandruff. 5. **Health Conditions**: Conditions like Parkinson's disease, HIV, and hepatitis C can increase the risk of seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. #### Treatments for Dandruff 1. **Gentle Shampoo**: Washing your hair daily with a gentle shampoo can help reduce oil and skin cell buildup. 2. **Dandruff Shampoos**: Over-the-counter shampoos with active ingredients like zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, or ketoconazole can be effective. It's best to alternate between different shampoos. 3. **Prescription Treatments**: If OTC shampoos don't work, your dermatologist may recommend prescription-strength antifungal shampoos or topical corticosteroids. 4. **Natural Remedies**: Tea tree oil shampoos and increasing omega-3 fatty acids in your diet can help manage dandruff. 5. **Sun Exposure**: Brief exposure to sunlight can reduce yeast production on the scalp, but avoid direct sun if using tar-based treatments. #### Prevention - **Regular Washing**: Daily shampooing with a gentle cleanser and light scalp massage can help prevent dandruff. - **Healthy Diet**: Increasing omega-3 intake and reducing hair product use can also help. - **Special Considerations for Black Women**: Washing hair at least every two weeks, using medicated shampoos only on the scalp, and avoiding product buildup can help manage dandruff. Dandruff is a manageable condition with the right care and treatment. If symptoms persist, consult a dermatologist for further advice.