### Causes of Swollen Joints Swollen joints occur when there is an increase in fluid in the tissues surrounding the joints. This can be due to various conditions such as: - **Osteoarthritis (OA)**: Often related to aging or injury, OA involves the wearing down of cartilage, leading to joint swelling, especially in weight-bearing joints like knees and hips. - **Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)**: An inflammatory condition that can affect any age group, causing painful, stiff, and swollen joints, commonly in the hands, feet, and knees. - **Gout**: Characterized by sudden, severe joint pain and swelling, often in the big toe, due to uric acid crystals forming in the joints. - **Ankylosing Spondylitis**: Primarily affects the joints at the base of the spine, causing inflammation and pain. - **Psoriatic Arthritis**: Linked with psoriasis, this inflammatory joint disease can affect up to 30% of people with the skin condition. - **Infectious Arthritis**: Caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, leading to rapid onset of pain, swelling, and fever. - **Joint Injuries**: Injuries to the joints or surrounding tissues can result in swelling and pain. ### Symptoms of Swollen Joints Symptoms may include pain, stiffness, redness, warmth, and reduced range of motion. Inflammatory conditions might also cause flu-like symptoms such as fever and fatigue. ### Treatments for Swollen Joints Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include: - **Medications**: NSAIDs, steroids, DMARDs, and biologic agents can help reduce inflammation and pain. - **Rest and Exercise**: Balancing rest with gentle exercise can help maintain joint function. - **Surgery**: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or replace damaged joints. - **Lifestyle Changes**: Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding activities that strain the joints can help manage symptoms. ### Managing Pain and Swelling - **Cold and Heat Therapy**: Applying ice packs or warm compresses can reduce swelling and relieve pain. - **Physical Therapy**: Exercises and stretches designed by a physical therapist can improve joint function and reduce pain. - **Pain Relievers**: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications can provide relief. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatments as needed.