### Understanding Eczema and Atopic Dermatitis Eczema is a group of inflammatory skin conditions that can cause itching, dryness, rashes, scaly patches, blisters, and infections. The most common type of eczema is atopic dermatitis. This chronic condition can improve or worsen over time, often triggered by allergens or irritants. Eczema affects around 30 million Americans, with 16.5 million adults suffering from atopic dermatitis. The condition is more severe in Hispanic children compared to white children in the U.S., and it can also lead to psychological issues like anxiety and depression. #### Causes and Risk Factors The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it is believed to be due to genetic and environmental factors. Urban living and exposure to allergens like dust or mold increase the risk. Genetic mutations, such as in the CARD11 gene, may also play a role. #### Symptoms Eczema symptoms vary by skin color. On white skin, rashes appear red, while on darker skin, they may look gray, brownish-red, or purple. Small, itchy bumps can also occur on darker skin. #### Diagnosis and Treatment Consult a doctor if you have persistent skin irritation or itching. Diagnosis may involve physical exams, allergy tests, blood tests, or skin biopsies. Daily moisturizing is recommended for atopic dermatitis. If symptoms persist, consult your doctor for possible treatments, which may include medicated creams, antibiotics for infections, or stronger medications like abrocitinib, upadacitinib, dupilumab, and tralokinumab-ldrm. Phototherapy is an option for severe cases. Avoiding irritants and certain foods can help manage symptoms. Natural remedies like coconut or sunflower oil may also be beneficial, but consult your doctor before trying them.