### What is TORCH Syndrome? TORCH Syndrome is not a single illness but a group of infectious diseases that can cause serious problems for unborn babies. The acronym TORCH stands for: - **Toxoplasmosis** - **Other agents** (including HIV, syphilis, varicella, and fifth disease) - **Rubella** - **Cytomegalovirus** - **Herpes simplex** ### How It Affects Babies If a pregnant woman gets one of these infections, it can spread to the baby through the blood. Since the baby's immune system is still developing, it may not be able to fight off the infection. This can lead to various issues, including jaundice, hearing problems, miscarriage, or stillbirth. ### Specific Infections and Their Effects - **Toxoplasmosis**: Caused by a parasite, usually from undercooked meat. It can lead to serious problems in the baby. - **HIV**: Can be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy. Symptoms may include delayed growth and pneumonia. - **Syphilis**: A sexually transmitted disease that can cause severe developmental issues or even stillbirth. - **Fifth Disease**: Caused by parvovirus B19, it usually doesn't cause problems but can lead to anemia in some cases. - **Varicella (Chickenpox)**: Rarely passed to the baby but can cause birth defects if it happens. - **Rubella**: Can cause severe birth defects or miscarriage if contracted in the first trimester. - **Cytomegalovirus (CMV)**: The most common viral infection passed to babies, leading to long-term issues in some cases. - **Herpes**: Can be passed to the baby, especially if the mother has her first outbreak during pregnancy. ### Prevention Tips - **Toxoplasmosis**: Avoid undercooked meat and wash hands thoroughly. - **HIV**: Anti-retroviral medications can reduce the risk of transmission. - **Syphilis**: Get tested and treated with antibiotics if necessary. - **Fifth Disease**: Wash hands frequently and avoid sick people. - **Varicella**: Get vaccinated before pregnancy if you haven't had chickenpox. - **Rubella**: Get the MMR vaccine at least 28 days before conceiving. - **CMV**: Practice good hygiene to avoid infection. - **Herpes**: Discuss with your doctor and consider a C-section if you have an active outbreak during delivery.