### Stages of HIV Infection and Its Impact on the Immune System HIV infection progresses through three main stages if left untreated. Understanding these stages can help in recognizing symptoms and seeking timely medical intervention. #### 1. Acute HIV Infection This initial stage occurs 1-4 weeks after the virus enters the body. Many people experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and fatigue. These symptoms usually last for a week or two and then subside. Despite feeling better, the virus is actively multiplying in the body. #### 2. Asymptomatic HIV Infection After the acute phase, the virus enters a period where it is still active but reproduces at very low levels. This stage can last for 10 years or more without any symptoms. However, the virus continues to damage the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 T cells, which are crucial for immune response. #### 3. Symptomatic HIV Infection and AIDS As the immune system becomes severely weakened, the body becomes susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. This stage is known as symptomatic HIV infection or AIDS. Common symptoms include weight loss, persistent fever, and chronic diarrhea. Without treatment, the immune system can be overwhelmed, leading to severe health complications. #### Importance of Early Testing and Treatment Early testing for HIV is crucial. High levels of the virus in the blood and bodily fluids make it highly contagious in the initial stages. Starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) early can help maintain a healthy immune system and reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to others. ART involves a combination of medications that suppress the virus, helping individuals live longer, healthier lives. #### Living with HIV With proper treatment and healthy habits, people living with HIV can manage the infection effectively. Regular medical check-ups and adherence to ART can keep the virus under control and prevent the progression to AIDS. In summary, understanding the stages of HIV infection and the importance of early testing and treatment can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected by the virus.