### What is Rheumatic Fever? Rheumatic fever is a serious illness that can occur if strep throat or scarlet fever, caused by group A streptococcus bacteria, is not treated properly. Though rare in developed countries, it has resurfaced in some areas, especially among children in poor urban settings. ### Symptoms Symptoms usually appear 2-4 weeks after a strep infection and can include: - **Fever** - **Muscle aches** - **Swollen and painful joints** (knees, ankles, elbows, and wrists) - **Red rash** - **Rapid, jerky movements** (Sydenham's chorea) ### Dangers The most serious danger of rheumatic fever is the damage it can do to the heart. Over half the time, it damages the heart valves, leading to rheumatic heart disease, which can cause heart failure. Other potential complications include long-term joint and tissue swelling. ### Diagnosis To diagnose rheumatic fever, doctors may perform a throat culture or a rapid strep test. They will also conduct a complete exam, including listening to the heart for murmurs and checking for arthritis in multiple joints. ### Treatment Treatment typically involves: - **Antibiotics** (like penicillin) to kill the bacteria - **Anti-inflammatory medications** (such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen) to reduce swelling and pain - **Corticosteroids** for severe inflammation - **Long-term antibiotics** to prevent recurrence - **Surgery** in severe cases to repair heart valve damage ### Prevention Pay attention to sore throats, especially in children. If a sore throat is severe or lasts more than a few days, see a doctor for proper treatment to prevent rheumatic fever.