### Understanding Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) and Its Treatments Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, is a skin condition that causes itching, dryness, rashes, scaly patches, blisters, and infections. It affects about 16.5 million adults in the United States. This condition is caused by genetic and environmental factors, leading to a dry and itchy skin barrier. The immune system of people with atopic dermatitis is overactive and reacts strongly to irritants. Although there is no cure for atopic dermatitis, its symptoms can be managed with proper and consistent skin care and medical guidance. #### Common Symptoms and Triggers Symptoms like itching, dryness, and rashes tend to come and go, often referred to as flare-ups. These flare-ups can be triggered by various factors such as weather changes, pet dander, dust, scented perfumes or soaps, pollen, and other allergens. #### Dietary Considerations Clinical trials have shown that certain foods and beverages can influence the frequency and severity of flare-ups. However, triggers vary from person to person, so there is no universal dietary guideline to prevent flare-ups. An elimination diet can help identify specific food triggers. If you suspect a food is causing a reaction, eliminate it temporarily and then reintroduce it gradually to observe any changes in your skin. #### Treatment Options Treatment varies based on the severity of symptoms. Your doctor will examine your skin and recommend a suitable treatment plan, which may include avoiding certain foods, daily use of moisturizers, and medications. **Over-the-Counter Medications:** Creams with at least 1% hydrocortisone can relieve itching. Ibuprofen and naproxen can reduce inflammation. Antihistamines may be recommended for severe itching. **Prescription Medications:** When over-the-counter options are ineffective, stronger medications may be prescribed. Topical steroids, immunosuppressants, and other medications like abrocitinib, upadacitinib, dupilumab, and tralokinumab-ldrm may be used. #### Daily Skin Care Routine Maintaining a daily skin care routine is crucial. Use moisturizers containing ceramides and hyaluronic acid to keep the skin hydrated and form a protective barrier. By following these guidelines and working closely with your doctor, you can effectively manage the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.