### What is Fat Embolism Syndrome? Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a serious condition that occurs when fat particles enter the bloodstream and block blood vessels. This can happen after an injury or surgery, especially involving broken bones in the arms or legs. ### Symptoms FES usually develops 1 to 2 days after an injury or surgery. Symptoms can be confusing and may include: - Difficulty breathing - Chest pain - Confusion or drowsiness - Red spots on the skin ### Diagnosis Doctors will perform exams and blood tests to diagnose FES. They look for specific indicators like low blood oxygen levels and changes in neurological function. ### Treatment There is no specific cure for FES. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms while the body clears the fat particles. This may include: - IV fluids to maintain blood volume - Supplemental oxygen or a ventilator for breathing issues - Monitoring neurological functions to prevent stroke or brain damage - Heart medication if there is a risk of heart failure ### Importance of Prompt Medical Care FES is life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Most people recover with proper care, but it is crucial to seek help as soon as symptoms appear.