### What is Fifth Disease? Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is a contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. It is most common during late winter, spring, and early summer. The disease is caused by parvovirus B19, which only infects humans. ### Symptoms In children, fifth disease often starts with cold-like symptoms. Within 7 to 10 days, a distinctive red rash appears on the cheeks, giving the appearance of a 'slapped cheek.' Other symptoms may include fever, runny nose, and headache. In some cases, a second rash may appear on the body and limbs. Adults usually do not get the rash but may experience more severe flu-like symptoms, including joint pain and swelling. ### Transmission The virus spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also spread through blood. By the time the rash appears, children are no longer contagious and can return to school or daycare. ### Diagnosis and Treatment Fifth disease is usually diagnosed based on its symptoms. A blood test can confirm the infection but is generally unnecessary for healthy individuals. There is no specific treatment for fifth disease; care focuses on relieving symptoms. Over-the-counter medications can help reduce fever and pain. ### Special Considerations Pregnant women who are not immune should take precautions to avoid infection, as the virus can cause complications for the unborn baby. If exposed, they should consult their doctor for further advice. People with weakened immune systems or chronic anemia may require additional medical treatment, such as immunoglobulin or blood transfusions. ### Prevention Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, can help prevent the spread of fifth disease.