What should you know about using biologics for treating atopic dermatitis, including monoclonal antibodies, interleukin inhibitors, and potential side effects?

Biologics are a newer treatment option for atopic dermatitis (AD). These drugs target specific molecules involved in the inflammation process, unlike traditional treatments that address general inflammation. The FDA has approved two biologics for AD: dupilumab and tralokinumab. Both are monoclonal antibodies that target interleukins (ILs), which are chemical messengers that trigger inflammation. Dupilumab blocks IL-4 and IL-13, while tralokinumab targets IL-13 only. These biologics are administered via injection under the skin, typically every other week or once a month. They are not available in pill form because the digestive system would break them down. Common side effects include injection site reactions and eye-related issues. Biologics are usually considered after other treatments, like topical therapies and immunosuppressive drugs, have been tried. They are often recommended for moderate to severe cases of AD. While dupilumab is approved for children as young as 6, tralokinumab is only for adults 18 and older. Biologics tend to cause fewer side effects than systemic treatments because they are targeted therapies. However, they are not suitable for everyone, and doctors will consider various factors before prescribing them.