### Recognizing the First Signs of a Stroke When a stroke occurs, the brain suddenly stops receiving the blood and oxygen it needs. This can be due to a blocked artery or bleeding in the brain. Both types of strokes can cause brain cell damage, leading to disability or even death. #### Early Signs of a Stroke The earliest signs of a stroke depend on which parts of the brain are affected and the extent of the damage. Common symptoms include: - Weakness on one side of the body - Difficulty talking, walking, or seeing #### The FAST Test Doctors have developed an easy-to-remember checklist called the FAST test to help recognize stroke symptoms quickly: - **F**ace: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop? - **A**rms: Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward? - **S**peech: Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is their speech slurred or strange? - **T**ime: If you observe any of these signs, call 911 immediately. Note the time when symptoms first appeared. Some health educators add two more steps, making it the BE FAST test: - **B**alance: Check for sudden loss of balance. - **E**yes: Look for sudden vision changes or loss of vision in one or both eyes. #### What to Do If you suspect someone is having a stroke, do not drive them to the hospital. Call 911 immediately. Ambulance workers can provide faster and more effective initial treatment. #### Additional Symptoms While the FAST or BE FAST tests cover the most common symptoms, other signs can include sudden severe headache, confusion, or dizziness. Women may experience additional symptoms like headache, weakness, and changes in thinking. #### Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) A TIA, or mini-stroke, has similar symptoms but lasts only a few minutes to 24 hours. It is a warning sign of a potential full stroke. Treat it as a medical emergency and seek immediate help. #### Prevention and Preparedness - Learn the signs of a stroke and educate your family and friends. - Teach children the FAST test and how to call 911. - Wear a medical ID bracelet if you have any medical conditions. Recognizing and reacting quickly to stroke symptoms can make a significant difference in recovery outcomes.