How does diabetes increase the risk of heart failure, and are there gender differences in this risk?

More than 30 million Americans live with diabetes, making it the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. People with diabetes are at increased risk of developing heart failure (HF). Recent studies have shown that gender plays a significant role in this risk. Women with type 1 diabetes have a 47% higher risk of heart failure compared to men with type 1 diabetes. Women with type 2 diabetes have a 9% higher risk compared to men with type 2 diabetes. The reasons for this difference are not entirely clear, but several theories exist. One theory suggests that the prediabetes period, when blood sugar levels are elevated but not yet diagnosed as diabetes, can be longer in women, increasing their risk of HF. Another theory is that heart attack symptoms in women are less well-known and often go untreated, leading to a higher likelihood of HF. Additionally, women historically have had poorer blood sugar control than men. To reduce the risk of heart failure, it is crucial to manage diabetes effectively and have regular checkups with your physician.