Managing blood sugar levels is crucial for people with type 2 diabetes. While diet and exercise are well-known factors, there are several surprising triggers that can cause blood sugar spikes. Stress is a major factor; it increases cortisol, which can make the body less sensitive to insulin. Illness and infections also raise blood sugar due to the body's stress response. Artificial sweeteners, often considered safe, can worsen insulin resistance over time. Menstruation and hormonal changes can cause fluctuations in blood sugar levels. High-fat diets, especially those rich in saturated fats, can increase insulin resistance. Skipping breakfast can lead to higher blood sugar levels throughout the day. Physical inactivity can cause blood sugar to rise, while regular exercise can help manage it. Certain medications, including corticosteroids and some antidepressants, can also raise blood sugar. Lack of sleep triggers the release of cortisol and reduces insulin production, leading to higher blood sugar levels. Lastly, gum disease can increase blood sugar levels due to inflammation and infection. It's important for people with type 2 diabetes to be aware of these factors and work with their healthcare providers to manage their condition effectively.