### Understanding Infertility Infertility is when a couple cannot get pregnant after having regular, unprotected sex for six months to one year, depending on their age. It doesn't always mean that they will never be able to have a child. In fact, about half of the couples who seek help can eventually have a child, either naturally or with medical assistance. ### Causes of Infertility in Women The most common cause of infertility in women is a lack of ovulation, which means the ovary does not release an egg. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of this issue. Other factors that can affect female fertility include: - Age: Fertility decreases with age, especially after 35, and getting pregnant after 45 is rare. - Hormonal imbalances - Blocked fallopian tubes - Uterine abnormalities ### Causes of Infertility in Men In men, the most common cause of infertility is a problem with sperm. This can include low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm shape. Other factors that can affect male fertility include: - Injuries to the testicles - Exposure to high temperatures - Contact with harmful chemicals - Alcohol and smoking - Age: Men over 40 have lower fertility. ### Symptoms The main symptom of infertility is not getting pregnant. Women may notice changes in their menstrual cycle or ovulation, while men may not have noticeable symptoms until they try to have a baby. ### Diagnosis and Treatment If you are under 35 and have been trying to get pregnant for a year without success, or if you are over 35 and have been trying for six months, you should see a doctor. Tests such as blood, urine, and imaging tests can help diagnose the problem. A sperm analysis can check a man's sperm count and health. Your doctor may refer you to a reproductive endocrinologist, a specialist in infertility. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and may include medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies like IVF. ### Conclusion Infertility can be a challenging issue, but many couples can eventually have a child with the right help. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve your chances of getting pregnant.