### Understanding Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension) Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is when your blood pressure reading is lower than expected. Blood pressure is measured with two numbers: systolic pressure (top number) and diastolic pressure (bottom number). An optimal reading is less than 120/80 mmHg. Low blood pressure is generally considered to be below 90/60 mmHg. #### Causes of Low Blood Pressure The causes of low blood pressure can vary and include: - **Dehydration:** Not drinking enough fluids. - **Heart problems:** Such as extremely low heart rate (bradycardia), heart valve problems, heart attack, and heart failure. - **Endocrine problems:** Such as underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). - **Severe infection (septicemia):** When an infection in the body enters the bloodstream. - **Blood loss:** Losing a lot of blood from a major injury or internal bleeding. - **Lack of nutrients:** Deficiency in the vitamins B-12 and folate can prevent your body from producing enough red blood cells. #### Symptoms of Low Blood Pressure Symptoms of low blood pressure can include: - Dizziness or lightheadedness - Fainting - Blurred or fading vision - Nausea - Fatigue - Lack of concentration #### Treatment Options for Low Blood Pressure Treatment for low blood pressure depends on the cause. Here are some common approaches: - **Lifestyle Changes:** Increase salt in your diet, drink more water, wear compression stockings, and avoid alcohol. - **Medications:** If lifestyle changes aren't enough, medications like fludrocortisone or midodrine may be prescribed. - **Treating Underlying Conditions:** Addressing the root cause, such as heart problems or endocrine issues. #### When to See a Doctor If you experience symptoms of low blood pressure, it's important to consult a doctor. They will review your medical history, perform a physical exam, and may conduct tests like ECG, echocardiogram, or blood tests to determine the cause and appropriate treatment. ### Conclusion Low blood pressure can be managed effectively with the right lifestyle changes and medical treatment. Always consult your doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.