### What Causes Neuropathy? Neuropathy, also known as peripheral neuropathy, refers to a range of conditions that involve damage to the peripheral nerves. These nerves transmit messages between the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body. Symptoms of neuropathy can include pain, altered sensation, tingling, burning, muscle weakness, and even paralysis. Here are some common causes: 1. **Diabetes**: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the most common type, affecting nearly 60% of people with diabetes. High blood sugar levels damage the nerves, leading to symptoms like pain and loss of sensation, especially in the feet. 2. **Autoimmune Disorders**: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and Guillain-Barré syndrome can cause neuropathy by attacking the body's own nerves. 3. **Malnutrition**: A lack of essential nutrients, particularly vitamin B12, can damage nerves. This can result from an unbalanced diet, diseases affecting nutrient absorption, or alcohol abuse. 4. **Infections**: Diseases like shingles and Lyme disease can lead to neuropathy. Shingles can cause lasting nerve pain, while Lyme disease can affect facial nerves. 5. **Toxins**: Exposure to toxins like mercury and arsenic, or even excessive intake of vitamin B6, can damage nerves. 6. **Injuries**: Physical trauma or repetitive stress from activities can damage nerves. For example, carpal tunnel syndrome results from repeated pressure on the nerves in the hands. 7. **Genetics**: Some forms of neuropathy are inherited, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, which affects motor and sensory nerves. 8. **Unknown Causes**: In about 23% of cases, the cause of neuropathy is unknown, termed idiopathic neuropathy. Understanding these causes can help in managing and preventing neuropathy, especially for those with diabetes or other risk factors.