### Understanding Hypospadias in Newborn Boys Hypospadias is a common birth defect in boys where the opening of the urethra is not located at the tip of the penis. Instead, it can be found anywhere along the underside of the penis, scrotum, or perineum. This condition can affect how urine and sperm are expelled from the body. #### Complications - **Urination Issues**: Boys with hypospadias may have to sit down to urinate if the opening is not at the tip of the penis. - **Fertility Problems**: If not corrected, the abnormal location of the urethral opening can make it difficult for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg. - **Hygiene Challenges**: Keeping the area clean can be difficult, especially if the opening is larger than normal or located in a hard-to-see area. - **Chordee**: Some boys may also have a downward curvature of the penis, known as chordee, which becomes noticeable during an erection. #### Diagnosis Doctors usually identify hypospadias during a routine examination after birth. The abnormal location of the urethral opening is often easy to spot. If hypospadias is suspected, circumcision is usually delayed, and the baby is referred to a urologist for further evaluation. #### Treatment - **Surgery**: Most cases of hypospadias require surgery to reposition the urethral opening and straighten the penis if chordee is present. The goal is to create a penis with normal function and appearance. Skin from the foreskin or other parts of the body is often used for the repair. - **Timing**: Surgery is typically performed when the child is between 3 to 18 months old. The procedure is done under anesthesia, and most children can go home the same day. - **Success Rate**: Surgical correction is highly successful in both children and adults, although it is more challenging in adults. #### Prevention While the exact cause of hypospadias is not well understood, some factors during pregnancy may influence its development. Regular prenatal care and avoiding certain medications and environmental exposures may help reduce the risk. In summary, hypospadias is a treatable condition that, when corrected early, allows boys to lead normal, healthy lives.