### Understanding High Blood Sugar Levels and Their Risks High blood sugar levels, also known as hyperglycemia, occur when there is too much glucose in the bloodstream. This usually happens because the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or doesn't use it effectively. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. #### Normal Blood Sugar Levels - **Fasting (after at least 8 hours without eating):** Less than 100 mg/dL - **2 hours after eating:** Less than 140 mg/dL - **Before meals:** Typically between 70 and 80 mg/dL For people with diabetes, the target blood sugar levels are: - **Before meals:** 70 to 130 mg/dL - **After meals:** Less than 180 mg/dL #### Risks of High Blood Sugar When blood sugar levels remain high for extended periods, it can lead to various health issues, including: - **Nerve damage** - **Blood vessel damage** - **Heart disease** - **Kidney damage** - **Vision problems** #### Diagnosing Diabetes Doctors use several tests to diagnose diabetes and prediabetes: - **Fasting Plasma Glucose Test:** Measures blood sugar after an 8-hour fast. Levels above 126 mg/dL indicate diabetes. - **Oral Glucose Tolerance Test:** After an 8-hour fast, you drink a sugary beverage, and your blood sugar is measured 2 hours later. Levels above 200 mg/dL indicate diabetes. - **Random Blood Sugar Test:** Measures blood sugar at any time. Levels above 200 mg/dL, along with symptoms like frequent urination and excessive thirst, suggest diabetes. - **A1c Test:** Averages blood sugar levels over the past few months. Levels above 6.5% indicate diabetes. #### Managing Blood Sugar Levels If diagnosed with diabetes, it's crucial to monitor your blood sugar levels regularly using a home glucose meter. Record your readings and share them with your doctor to adjust your treatment plan as needed. #### Preventing Diabetes For those with prediabetes, lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and regular exercise can help prevent the progression to diabetes. Always consult your doctor for personalized advice. Maintaining blood sugar levels within the recommended range can help prevent many of the complications associated with diabetes.