### Key Facts about Geographic Atrophy Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that affects the central part of the retina called the macula. This condition leads to the gradual death of light-sensitive cells and tissues in the retina, causing blurriness or blind spots in central vision. GA is different from wet AMD, which involves abnormal blood vessel growth and faster vision loss. #### Symptoms - Difficulty reading: Letters or numbers may disappear, and entire words may become unreadable. - Trouble recognizing faces: Blind spots in central vision make it hard to see facial details. - Problems with contrast and color sensitivity: Differentiating between colors or shades becomes challenging. - Visual hallucinations: Some people may see things that aren't there, known as Charles Bonnet syndrome. #### Diagnosis - **Dilated eye exam**: Special drops widen the pupil to examine the retina and macula. - **Visual acuity test**: Measures how many letters you can see clearly from a distance. - **Amsler grid**: Detects dark patches, distorted areas, or blank spots in vision. - **Retinal imaging**: Special cameras take detailed pictures of the retina to assess the severity of GA. #### Risk Factors - Age: Most common in people 60 and older. - Genetics: Family history of macular degeneration increases risk. - Race: More common in White people or those of European descent. #### Treatment While there is no cure for GA, treatments like pegcetacoplan (Syfovre) injections can slow disease progression. Lifestyle changes such as good nutrition, quitting smoking, and regular exercise can also help manage the condition. #### Living with GA - **Low vision aids**: Tools and devices to help with daily tasks. - **Support groups**: Connecting with others who have similar experiences. - **Emotional health**: Addressing anxiety and depression related to vision loss. Regular eye check-ups and a healthy lifestyle are crucial for managing GA and maintaining quality of life.