### Understanding Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Treatments Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes. It occurs when high blood sugar levels cause damage to blood vessels in the retina. Here are the key treatments: 1. **Blood Glucose and Blood Pressure Control**: Keeping blood sugar and blood pressure levels in a healthy range is crucial. This can be achieved through medication, a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding alcohol and smoking. 2. **Anti-VEGF Drugs**: These medications are injected into the eye to stop the growth of new blood vessels and decrease fluid build-up. They are typically given every few months for several years. 3. **Steroids**: Steroid injections or implants in the eye can reduce inflammation and prevent new blood vessel growth. 4. **Laser Surgery**: Panretinal laser photocoagulation, also known as scatter laser treatment, uses tiny laser burns to scar tissue and stop the growth of new blood vessels. 5. **Vitrectomy**: In severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove the vitreous gel and repair the retina. Regular eye exams are essential to monitor the progression of the disease and adjust treatments as necessary. Early detection and treatment can prevent or delay vision loss.