### Understanding Diabetes Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of disorders that result in high blood sugar (glucose) levels. Glucose is essential for energy, and when you eat, your body converts carbohydrates into glucose. This process triggers the pancreas to release insulin, a hormone that helps glucose enter cells from the blood. If your body doesn't produce enough insulin or can't use it effectively, glucose builds up in the blood, leading to diabetes. ### Types of Diabetes 1. **Type 1 Diabetes**: The pancreas can't produce insulin. Nearly 1.6 million Americans have this type, often diagnosed in childhood. 2. **Type 2 Diabetes**: The most common form, where the body becomes resistant to insulin. About 90-95% of diabetes cases are type 2. 3. **Gestational Diabetes**: Occurs during pregnancy, affecting 2-10% of pregnancies in the U.S. each year. ### Statistics - **Prediabetes**: 88 million American adults have prediabetes, with over 84% undiagnosed. - **Diabetes**: Over 100 million U.S. adults have diabetes or prediabetes. In 2017, there were 1.3 million new cases of diagnosed diabetes. - **Type 1 Diabetes**: Less than 10% of people with diabetes have type 1. ### Risk Factors - **Age**: Risk increases with age. - **History**: Previous gestational diabetes or prediabetes increases risk. - **Weight**: Obesity or overweight increases risk. - **Family History**: Having a family history of diabetes increases risk. - **Ethnicity**: Certain ethnic groups are at higher risk due to healthcare inequities. ### Complications - **Blindness**: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision loss among working-age adults. - **Kidney Failure**: Diabetes is a leading cause. - **Neuropathy**: Affects up to half of people with diabetes, causing impaired sensation in hands and feet. - **Heart Disease and Stroke**: Increased risk. - **Amputation**: Can lead to lower limb amputation. ### Management and Prevention - **Diet and Exercise**: Essential for managing diabetes. - **Monitoring**: Regular blood glucose level checks. - **Medication**: Insulin or other medications may be needed. - **Healthy Lifestyle**: A balanced diet, weight control, and regular exercise can help prevent type 2 diabetes. ### Conclusion Managing diabetes involves a combination of healthy eating, staying active, following medical advice, and regular check-ups. If you have symptoms or risk factors, consult your healthcare provider for guidance and testing.