### New Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Managing type 2 diabetes often requires more than just diet and exercise. Recently, three new types of medications have become available: GLP-1 agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors. Here's a brief overview of how they work and their benefits. #### GLP-1 Agonists GLP-1 agonists, also known as incretin mimetics, help increase the amount of insulin your body produces after eating and slow down the absorption of nutrients. They also offer heart protection and lower blood fats. Common brands include Byetta, Victoza, and Bydureon, and they are usually injected. These drugs can improve glucose control, reduce A1C levels, and promote weight loss. However, they may cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. #### DPP-4 Inhibitors DPP-4 inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme DPP-4, which breaks down incretins. This helps lower the amount of sugar released by the liver and increases insulin production. Available as oral medications, common brands include Januvia, Onglyza, Tradjenta, and alogliptin. While not as potent as GLP-1 agonists, they are well-tolerated and generally do not affect weight. Side effects may include nausea and diarrhea. #### SGLT2 Inhibitors SGLT2 inhibitors help the kidneys remove excess glucose from the bloodstream through urine. This can lead to better blood sugar control and weight loss. Common brands include Invokana, Farxiga, and Jardiance. These medications can also reduce the risk of heart disease but may cause side effects like urinary tract infections and increased urination. Consult your doctor to see if any of these new medications are suitable for you.