### What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)? Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious condition that occurs when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. This happens when there is not enough insulin to help sugar (glucose) enter your cells for energy. Instead, your body starts breaking down fat for energy, which produces ketones. ### Signs of DKA - Excessive thirst - Frequent urination - High blood sugar levels (above 230 to 250 mg/dL) - High ketone levels in urine (above 1.6 mmol/L) - Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, and confusion. ### Causes of DKA - Missing insulin doses - Illness or infection, which can increase stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol - Stress, which also increases adrenaline and cortisol levels ### Prevention of DKA - Take your diabetes medication as directed. Don't skip doses. - Frequently check your blood sugar levels, especially when you are ill. - Keep ketone urine test strips on hand and use them when your blood sugar is high. ### Treatment of DKA - Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect DKA. - Treatment usually involves fluid replacement and insulin therapy in a hospital. - Fluids help with dehydration and replace lost electrolytes. - Insulin helps stop the production of ketones and allows glucose to enter your cells. ### Complications - High levels of ketones can be toxic and lead to diabetic coma or death. - Treatment can sometimes cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or low potassium levels, which can affect heart, muscle, and nerve function. ### Conclusion Being aware of the signs and causes of DKA, and knowing how to prevent and treat it, can help you manage your diabetes effectively and avoid serious complications. Always consult your doctor if you have concerns about your insulin therapy or blood sugar levels.