### Understanding CKM Syndrome: Symptoms and Prevention The American Heart Association (AHA) has identified a new condition called cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. This syndrome combines cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, which can all develop simultaneously and increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes. #### Symptoms - **Cardiovascular Disease**: Chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. - **Kidney Disease**: Swelling in legs and ankles, changes in urination, and high blood pressure. - **Type 2 Diabetes**: Increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. - **Obesity**: Excess body fat, particularly around the waist. #### Prevention 1. **Healthy Diet**: Eat whole foods, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, nuts, and seeds. 2. **Regular Exercise**: Aim for at least 75 minutes of vigorous exercise or 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week. 3. **Adequate Sleep**: Get at least seven hours of sleep each night. 4. **Avoid Tobacco**: Stay away from smoking and other tobacco products. The AHA emphasizes that lifestyle changes are crucial across all stages of CKM syndrome. Early screening for cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic issues can help start protective therapies sooner, potentially preventing severe health complications later on. Identifying social and structural barriers to care is also important, especially in underserved populations. By understanding the interconnectedness of these conditions, patients can see how improvements in one area can benefit their overall health. Prioritizing a heart-healthy lifestyle is key to managing CKM syndrome effectively.