### What to Expect During a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure doctors use to examine the inner lining of your rectum and the lower part of your colon. This test can help diagnose issues like abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or changes in bowel habits. It’s also a tool for screening for colon and rectal cancer. #### Preparation Before the procedure, inform your doctor if you are taking any medications, as adjustments may be needed. Your bowel must be cleansed for the test to be effective. This usually involves a clear liquid diet the day before and fasting overnight. You may also need to take an enema to empty your rectum and lower intestine. #### During the Procedure The procedure typically lasts 10 to 20 minutes and may not require sedation. You will lie on your left side with your knees drawn up. The doctor will insert a sigmoidoscope—a flexible tube with a light and camera—through your rectum into your sigmoid colon. A small amount of air will be used to expand the colon for better visibility. You might feel mild cramping, which can be eased by taking slow, deep breaths. #### After the Procedure After the examination, your doctor will discuss the results with you. If any growths or polyps are found, a biopsy may be performed, or a complete colon exam may be recommended. You might experience some cramping or gas, but this usually subsides quickly. In rare cases, the procedure could puncture the colon, so contact your doctor immediately if you experience severe symptoms.