### Adrenal Glands: Functions and Common Conditions Your adrenal glands are small, triangular glands located on top of each kidney. They are part of your endocrine system, which is responsible for hormone production and release. The adrenal glands produce two main types of hormones: catecholamines and steroid hormones. #### Catecholamines Catecholamines are produced by the inner part of the adrenal glands, known as the adrenal medulla. These hormones, including adrenaline and noradrenaline, are released during stressful situations. #### Steroid Hormones Steroid hormones are produced by the outer part of the adrenal glands, called the adrenal cortex. These hormones are involved in various bodily functions such as immune response, metabolism, salt and water balance, and the development of sex characteristics. #### Common Conditions Affecting the Adrenal Glands - **Adrenal Cancer**: Rare cancerous tumors that can spread to other organs. Symptoms include excess hormone production and abdominal pain. - **Adrenal Insufficiency**: A condition where the adrenal glands don't produce enough cortisol. It can be primary (Addison's disease) or secondary due to lack of ACTH. Symptoms include fatigue, muscle weakness, and low blood pressure. - **Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia**: A genetic condition causing adrenal insufficiency due to enzyme deficiencies. It can lead to early puberty in boys and more male characteristics in girls. - **Cushing Syndrome**: Caused by excessive cortisol production, often due to long-term steroid use or tumors. Symptoms include diabetes, fatigue, high blood pressure, and weight gain. - **Hyperaldosteronism**: Excessive production of aldosterone, leading to high blood pressure and low potassium levels. It can be primary (due to adrenal gland issues) or secondary (due to other medical conditions). - **Overactive Adrenal Glands**: Nodules in the adrenal glands can cause overproduction of hormones. Symptoms vary depending on the affected part of the gland. - **Pheochromocytoma**: A tumor in the adrenal medulla causing excess adrenaline or noradrenaline. Symptoms include anxiety, high blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and sweating. Understanding these functions and conditions can help you recognize symptoms and seek appropriate medical care.