### Tests for Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes If you have symptoms like increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, or tingling in your hands or feet, your doctor may test you for diabetes. Here are the main tests used: #### Fasting Plasma Glucose Test (FPG) - **Procedure:** No food for at least 8 hours before the test. - **Normal Result:** Less than 100 mg/dL. - **Diabetes Indication:** 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests. #### Casual (Random) Plasma Glucose Test - **Procedure:** Blood sugar is tested regardless of when you last ate. - **Diabetes Indication:** Greater than 200 mg/dL, especially if repeated. #### Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) - **Procedure:** Fasting blood sample, drink sugary liquid, then blood samples at 1 and 2 hours. - **Diabetes Indication:** 200 mg/dL or higher at the 2-hour mark. #### Hemoglobin A1c Test - **Procedure:** Measures average blood sugar over the past 2-3 months. - **Normal Result:** Less than 5.7%. - **Diabetes Indication:** 6.5% or higher on two separate tests. ### Additional Tests for Diagnosed Diabetics If you are diagnosed with diabetes, other important tests include: #### Dilated Eye Exam - **Purpose:** Detect early signs of retinopathy. - **Frequency:** At least once a year. #### Foot Exam - **Purpose:** Check for poor blood flow and sores. - **Frequency:** Once or twice a year, or at every doctor's visit. ### Managing Diabetes To stay healthy with diabetes, monitor your blood sugar levels, take prescribed medications, eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, manage stress, and have a plan for when you're sick. Regular monitoring can be done using a glucose meter or a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). By following these steps and working closely with your doctor, you can manage your diabetes effectively and maintain a good quality of life.