Chemotherapy uses strong drugs to fight cancer but can cause long-term side effects. These may start during treatment and continue after it's done. Some common long-term effects include mental fogginess, often called 'chemo brain,' which affects memory and concentration. Certain drugs can lead to hearing loss and increase the risk of high blood pressure and heart disease. Chemotherapy can also increase the risk of secondary cancers like leukemia. Lung damage, nerve damage causing pain and numbness, and osteoporosis are other potential risks. It can also affect hormones and reproductive health, sometimes causing infertility. It's important to discuss these risks with your doctor before starting treatment.