Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle. It often has no symptoms until a fracture occurs. Common signs include back pain, loss of height over time, a stooped posture, and bones that break more easily than expected. Risk factors include aging, being female, low body weight, low calcium intake, and a sedentary lifestyle. Treatment options include lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol. Medications can also be prescribed to strengthen bones, including bisphosphonates, hormone-related therapy, and others. It is important to get regular bone density tests and consult your doctor for a personalized treatment plan.