Bone density tests (also known as bone mineral density tests or BMD tests) measure the strength of your bones by checking specific parts of your body. The results help doctors understand how to treat or prevent bone loss and fractures. Typically, these tests are recommended for high-risk individuals. There are two main types of machines for bone density testing: central and peripheral. Central machines test bone density in the hip, spine, and total body, while peripheral machines test the finger, wrist, kneecap, shinbone, and heel. DXA scans are the most commonly used screening method, but peripheral machines are a good alternative if DXA scans aren't available. Once you receive your test results, you can discuss with your doctor what steps to take next. Many health insurance plans, including Medicare, cover the cost of bone density tests, but it's important to check in advance if your specific plan does. Most doctors recommend repeating the test within two years after the first one to see if your medication is working.