Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle. It is mainly caused by a decrease in bone density and deterioration of bone tissue. Osteoporosis often has no symptoms until a fracture occurs. Common fracture sites include the hip, spine, and wrist. Prevention and treatment methods include a balanced diet, regular exercise, calcium and vitamin D supplements, and medications. Regular bone density tests help in the early detection and management of osteoporosis.