Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that makes bones weak and brittle. Symptoms include back pain, loss of height, and easily breaking bones. Complications can include fractures and chronic pain. Causes of osteoporosis are varied and include aging, hormonal changes, and a lack of calcium and vitamin D. The main types of osteoporosis are primary and secondary. Diagnosis is often done through a bone density test. Treatment options include medications, calcium and vitamin D supplements, and exercise. Early detection and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of fractures and improve the quality of life.