Osteoporosis is a medical condition where bones become weak and brittle, making them more susceptible to fractures. It often affects older adults, particularly postmenopausal women. Risk factors include aging, family history, low body weight, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Osteoporosis is diagnosed using a bone density test, which measures the amount of bone mineral in specific areas of the skeleton. Treatments for osteoporosis include lifestyle changes, such as a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular weight-bearing exercise, and medications that help strengthen bones and prevent bone loss. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.