Osteoporosis is a condition that causes bones to become thin and weak, increasing the risk of fractures. Symptoms are often not noticeable in the early stages but may include back pain, loss of height, and a hunched posture as the disease progresses. Preventing osteoporosis involves getting enough calcium and vitamin D, engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise, avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol intake. Treatment may include medications aimed at slowing bone loss and improving bone density. Regular bone density tests can help in early detection and management of osteoporosis.