Osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by decreased bone density, making bones fragile and more prone to fractures. Causes include aging, hormonal changes (such as menopause in women), lack of calcium and vitamin D, and a sedentary lifestyle. Symptoms are often not noticeable in the early stages but can lead to fractures, reduced height, and a hunched back as the condition progresses. Diagnosis involves bone density tests to determine if osteoporosis is present. Treatment includes increasing calcium and vitamin D intake, medication (such as bisphosphonates), regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Early detection and proactive treatment can effectively prevent fractures and improve quality of life.