Osteoporosis is a common bone disease, especially among older adults. It makes bones weak and more likely to break. Causes of osteoporosis include aging, hormonal changes (like menopause), lack of calcium and vitamin D intake, lack of exercise, and certain diseases and medications. Symptoms are usually not noticeable until a fracture occurs. Common fracture sites include the hip, spine, and wrist. Prevention and treatment measures include increasing calcium and vitamin D intake, regular exercise, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol, and using medications to increase bone density. Early detection and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of fractures.