Osteoporosis is a bone disease where bone density decreases, making bones weak and more likely to fracture. Common symptoms include back pain, reduced height, and a hunched posture. Osteoporosis is common in the elderly, especially postmenopausal women. Diagnosis often involves bone density tests. Treatments include medications, calcium and vitamin D supplements, and appropriate exercise. Preventative measures include a healthy diet, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol, and regular exercise. Complications primarily involve fractures, particularly in the hip, spine, and wrist.